Sjogren’s Disease

Sjögren’s disease, or Sjögren’s syndrome, is an autoimmune disorder primarily affecting moisture-producing glands, leading to symptoms of dry mouth and dry eyes. It can also impact other organs and cause systemic symptoms. Here’s a breakdown of Sjogren’s disease symptoms and treatment.

Types

1. Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: Occurs on its own without any other associated autoimmune disease.
2. Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome: Occurs in conjunction with other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

Symptoms of Sjogren’s Disease

• Dry Eyes (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca): A gritty, itchy sensation in the eyes due to reduced tear production.
• Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Leads to difficulty swallowing, speaking, and can cause an increase in dental cavities.
• Joint Pain and Stiffness: Often affects the hands and knees.
• Swollen Salivary Glands: Particularly under the jaw and in front of the ears.
• Systemic Symptoms: Fatigue, skin rashes, and dry skin.

Complications

• Dental Issues: Increased risk of cavities and oral infections due to lack of saliva.
• Lung Problems: Dryness and inflammation can affect the lungs.
• Kidney Issues: Renal tubular acidosis or interstitial nephritis.
• Neurological Issues: Peripheral neuropathy or cognitive dysfunction in severe cases.
• Increased Risk of Lymphoma: Although rare, people with Sjögren’s have a slightly elevated risk.

Causes

The exact cause is unknown, but it’s believed to involve genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its moisture-producing glands, leading to dryness and other symptoms.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Sjögren’s syndrome can be challenging and often includes:

• Blood Tests: Checking for specific antibodies like anti-SSA (Ro) and anti-SSB (La).
• Schirmer’s Test: Measures tear production to confirm dry eyes.
• Salivary Gland Biopsy: Examines salivary gland tissue for immune cell infiltration.
• Imaging: Sialography or ultrasound to assess gland structure.

Treatment of Sjogren’s Disease

While there is no cure, treatment focuses on symptom management and includes:

• Artificial Tears and Saliva Substitutes: To alleviate dryness.
• Medications: Cholinergic drugs to stimulate saliva, immunosuppressants, or corticosteroids for systemic symptoms.
• Dental and Eye Care: Regular check-ups and maintaining hydration can help reduce complications.

Lifestyle Recommendations

• Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps manage dryness.
• Humidifiers: Useful for maintaining moisture in the air at home.
• Diet: Soft, moist foods can be easier to eat for those with dry mouth.

If you have specific questions about Sjögren’s syndrome, feel free to ask!

To book an appointment Click here.