A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, happens when blood flow to a section of the heart muscle is severely reduced or stopped, usually due to a blockage in one of the coronary arteries. This disruption in blood flow deprives the heart muscle of oxygen, leading to tissue damage if not quickly restored.
Symptoms may include:
- Chest pain or a heavy, squeezing sensation
- Pain that radiates to the left arm, jaw, neck, or back
- Difficulty breathing
- Nausea, cold sweats, or dizziness
- Unusual fatigue or indigestion, especially in women, elderly individuals, and those with diabetes
Diagnosis involves:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect abnormal heart activity
- Blood tests to identify elevated cardiac enzymes, such as troponin, which indicate heart damage
- Imaging tests like echocardiography or coronary angiography to view heart function and locate blockages
Treatment options include:
- Medications like aspirin, blood thinners, and clot-busting drugs to restore blood flow
- Interventions such as angioplasty with stenting to open blocked arteries, or bypass surgery for severe cases
- Lifestyle changes and cardiac rehabilitation to promote recovery and prevent future heart issues
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital to minimize heart damage and improve outcomes for patients.
